What is Dog Intelligence?

Doctor Jan Bellows.

Everyone knows that dogs are intelligent animals. It is one of the primary reasons that human beings choose dogs over a variety of other animals. Rabbits, for example, will never have the cognitive abilities as dogs, and so fewer people are going to choose them as pets.

But what is dog intelligence really? The animal behavior community does not yet have a good answer for this question, because people have differing opinions of what constitutes true “intelligence.”

Possible Examples of Dog Intelligence
• Trainability
Perhaps the most common concept of “Dog intelligence” is how easy the dog is to train. “Smarter” dogs in this case would be dogs that can learn a number of tricks quickly and easily. This makes a lot of sense. A dog that struggles to learn a trick may not have the intelligence necessary to learn the trick easily. Some dogs have the ability to learn a trick in as little as 2 or 3 tries. Other dogs can have weeks of training and still struggle with it.
• General Learning
The problem with trainability as the sole indicator of intelligence is that it assumes that smart dogs learn tricks. But some dogs that may not pick up tricks very easily may pick up on other things. For example, a dog may learn how to judge smells. The dog may also be able to pick up on smaller behaviors, such as if you have a tendency for your nose to twitch right before you are about to let out a loud sneeze, your dog may already have associated your nose twitching with intelligence. There is no way to know how much your dog has truly learned.
• Problem Solving
Your dog’s ability to learn is not the only way to judge your dog’s intelligence. Another aspect of intelligence is your dog’s ability to solve problems. If you put a treat underneath a bowl, does your dog know to flip the bowl to get the treat? Or does your dog believe that the treat has suddenly disappeared? What about if a ball is stuck under a chair – does your dog keep trying to bite it to no avail, or are they willing to use their paws to get it unstuck? The ability to problem solve is not present in all dogs, with some breeds showing far stronger abilities than others. These should clearly be considered in dog intelligence.

What is Correct?

It will never be possible to judge your dog’s general learning ability. Chances are, however, that a dog that is able to be easily trained has strong general learning skills, as the two are related even if they are not identical. In addition, trainability should not be considered the sole measure of intelligence because some dogs are naturally independent. Shiba Inus are known to be fairly intelligent dogs (by most standards) but are notoriously unwilling to be ordered around. As a result, using a dog’s ability to be trained as the indicator of intelligence is not going to be entirely accurate. If you’re looking for dogs for sale, keep this in mind!

True dog intelligence is likely a combination of your dog’s ability to be trained with your dog’s problem solving skills, with the latter holding slightly more weight. Problem solving is an ability that many dogs do not possess, and if your dog can also be trained easily, it is safe to assume that your dog is quite intelligent. If your dog is not easily trained and does not seem to possess very strong problem solving skills, chances are high that although your dog is likely smart by your own standards, compared to other dogs it is most likely they fall short.